Very Rare 4th Class Order of Jerusalem Badge with Case | The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem | Medal is in very Good Condition; Case is faded | Provenance: From Historic Malcolm Dearing Collection. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, which had both ecclesiastical and military aspects, had its origins in the successful conclusion of the First Crusade and the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1099. The ecclesiastical role was evidenced by the Latin Patriarch - an office first founded by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 - and the Regular Canons of the Holy Sepulchre of St Augustine, who were established by Gibelin of Sabran, Archbishop of Arles and Arnulf de Roher, the Patriarch, in 1114. The military role was initiated by the election as leader of the First Crusade of Godfrey de Bouillon, who led his men to victory in Jerusalem on July 15th 1099. Godfrey accepted the title of Protector of the Holy Sepulchre. He died in July 1100 and was succeeded by his brother Baudoin, or Baldwin I, as King. This new leader laid the foundations of the kingdom and established its main institutions on the Norman-French pattern as a centralised feudal state. He drew up the first Constitution of the chivalric Order in 1103, under which the Patriarch appointed Knights in Jerusalem at the direct service of the Crown. The Kingdom existed for 200 years, reaching its zenith under Baldwin III (1143-1162), but suffered defeat at the hands of Saladin in 1187 at the battle of Hattin, and the Knights were finally driven out of the Holy Land at the siege of Acre in 1291.