BIOGRAPHY: Raphael Soyer (1899 - 1987, Russia, America) is an artist, editor and teacher of the American Realist and Ashcan movements. His two brothers, one his twin, were also artists and the three were raised in an intellectual environment by their family and father, a Hebrew Scholar. Moving from Russia to New York, he attending college at the free schools of the Cooper Union where he met lifelong friend, Chaim Gross. While at University he studied with Guy Pene du Bois and Boardman Robinson of the Ashcan school and after graduation aligned himself with the Fourteenth Street School of painters that included Reginald Marsh, Isabel Bishop, Kenneth Hayes Miller, Peggy Bacon and, his teacher, Guy Pene du Bois. Beginning in the early 1930s, he exhibited regularly at the American exhibitions of the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Carnegie Institute, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the National Academy of Design, and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He had a series of solo exhibitions in New York galleries, and also worked in the WPA Federal Arts Project in the 1930s. Soyer's teaching career began at the John Reed Club, New York, in 1930 and included stints at the Art Students League, the New School for Social Research and the National Academy.