Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bakongo peoples, ca. 19th century CE. This power figure, called a nkisi nkondi, is carved in the likeness of a human being which symbolizes its purpose, as each nkisi nkondi has traditionally been of service in human affairs. Look closely and you will see that 18 nails have been driven into the form over time. Each nail represents an occasion when two or more parties met to come to an agreement, make peace, settle an argument, investigate or solve a problem that had troubled villagers. In other words, this power figure was used during judicial procedures of the Kongo peoples. In addition to settling legal disputes, nkisi nkondi have traditionally been used to protect a village, demonstrate innocence or guilt, heal the ill, and put an end to disasters. The types of nails or blades used reflects the kind of aggreement made or the severity of the offense. Size: 10.75" W x 15.25" H (27.3 cm x 38.7 cm)

Nkisi Nkondi derive their spiritual powers from the medicinal powers deposited in cavities, either the stomach or the head, of such figures. In this example a cloth pouch was placed in the abdominal region. The Bakongo peoples believe in the deity Ne Kongo who presented the first sacred medicine (or nkisi) from the celestial realm in an earthenware vessel that he carefully placed upon three termite mounds or stones. Nkisi generally translates as "spirit" and manifests in a container of sacred medicines or substances that are thought to be catalyzed by the supernatural when summoned into the earthly world. Oftentimes an nkisi manifests as a modest bundle; however, carved wooden figures like this marvelous example are more impressive visual manifestations.

This particular exmaple is quite dramatic. The figure stands and holds his left hand up to his ear and places his right hand upon his hip. The visage is quite expressive with a smile replete with carved teeth and deep eye sockets which were once likely inlaid with glass to represent the "other world" where spirits of the deceased reside. Said spirits are thought to peer through the eyes and identify enemies and guilty parties. The bones and feathers attached symbolize links between the deceased and the celestial/sky world. Wondrous details for a wondrous work of spiritual visual culture.

Provenance: Ex-private Jane T. Davis collection.

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#112415

Repaired base. Surface wear typical of a piece this old. Stress crack to head.