Artist: General Cao Kun 曹錕 (December 12, 1862 - May 15, 1938)
Ten Characters Calligraphy Couplet, Regular Script
Ink on paper, Yisebiao mount, Vertical axis
Painting (Sight): Length: 268 cm, Width: 32 cm
Signed/Seal(s): Signed, with Two seals

PROVENANCE:

Nien Cheng 念鄭 or Zheng Nian 鄭念 (January 28, 1915 - November 2, 2009) was the pen name of Yao Nien-Yuan (姚念媛). She was a Chinese author known for recounting her experiences during the Cultural Revolution in her memoir Life and Death in Shanghai.

ARTIST BIO: General Cao Kun 曹錕 (December 12, 1862 - May 15, 1938) Courtesy name: Zhongshan 仲珊 was a Chinese warlord and politician, who served the President of the Republic of China from 1923 to 1924, as well as the military leader of the Zhili clique in the Beiyang Army; he also served as a trustee of the Catholic University of Peking. Cao was born to a poor family in Tianjin. During the First Sino Japanese War in 1894, he went with the army to fight in Choson. After the war was over he joined Yuan Shikai to participate in the training of the New Army (known as the Beiyang Army). Admired by Yuan, Cao managed to rise very quickly. By the time of 1911 Xinhai Revolution he commanded the Beiyang 3rd Division. He was made a general in the Beiyang Army and led the Zhili clique after the death of Feng Guozhang. During the 1918 election he was promised the vice presidency by Duan Qirui but the office remained vacant after most of the National Assembly left, depriving it of a quorum. He felt betrayed by Duan and defeated him in battle in 1920. After forcing the resignations of both Xu Shichang and Li Yuanhong, and engaging in bribery, he became president of the Republic of China (in Beijing) on 10 October 1923, serving to 2 November 1924.

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