Artist: Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (4 September 1837 - 5 October 1909)
Calligraphy, Regular Script
Ink on paper, Yisebiao mount, Vertical axis hanging scroll
Painting (Sight): Length: 70 cm, Width: 31 cm
Signed/Seal(s): Signed, with Two Artist seals

PROVENANCE:

Nien Cheng 念鄭 or Zheng Nian 鄭念 (January 28, 1915 - November 2, 2009) was the pen name of Yao Nien-Yuan (姚念媛). She was a Chinese author known for recounting her experiences during the Cultural Revolution in her memoir Life and Death in Shanghai.

ARTIST BIO: Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (4 September 1837 - 5 October 1909) was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Qing dynasty. Along with Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong was one of the four most famous officials of the late Qing dynasty.[citation needed] Known for advocating controlled reform and modernization of Chinese troops, he served as the governor of Shanxi Province and viceroy of Huguang, Liangguang and Liangjiang, and also as a member of the Grand Council. He took a leading role in the abolition of the Imperial examination system in 1905. The Red Guards destroyed his tomb in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution. His remains were rediscovered in 2007 and reburied.

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