Roman or Byzantine, ca. 4th to 7th century CE. A rectangular bronze bread stamp with two rows of Greek letters, each within a thick bronze border. The verso has a double loop handle with an applied flat panel at the center.

Bread stamps have been used throughout the Old World, particularly the Mediterranean and Near East, since the emergence of Greco-Roman culture; they were used for religious, magical, economic, and identification purposes. For example, in classical Greece, bread would be stamped when it was used in a ritual performance or as offerings (Herodotus describes this). Several stamped, carbonized loaves of bread have been documented from Pompeii; they were stamped with the name of the baker in order to establish ownership and prevent forgeries. Later, Eucharistic bread was stamped with a variety of religious symbols.

Provenance: East Coast collection, New York Gallery, New York City, New York, USA, acquired before 2010

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#175739

Small section of loss at upper midsection as shown.