**First Time At Auction**

Northern Italy, Villanovan, ca. 9th to 8th century BCE; Rome, Imperial Period, ca. 2nd to 4th century CE; Northern Europe, Viking / Norse culture, ca. 9th to 11th century CE. A beautiful set of bronze fibulae (or brooches) from three distinct periods in ancient history. First is a Villanovan 'sanguisuga' fibula with a thick, arched bow form, with one tab-shaped terminal and the other curved, and no fastening pin. Two bronze fibulae are from the Roman Imperial period, one with a body comprised of stacked bulbs and a spiralized fastening pin, the other in a classic crossbow form with twin lateral bulbed terminals. Last is a Viking-era brooch with a circular form, twin spiralized terminals, and a moveable fastening pin. A lovely ensemble from three highly-distinguishable eras of human history! Size of largest (all fairly similar in size): 2.75" H (7 cm).

Provenance: private Carlton collection, Los Angeles, California, USA, acquired between 1965 and 1980

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#128056

Villanovan brooch has losses to body and fastening pin; Roman and Viking brooches show normal bending to overall forms. All items have age-commensurate surface wear, earthen and mineral deposits, as well as lovely patinas.