Extremely Important 19th C. large vase mosque lamp Enamel-led by Philippe J. Brocard. H 16.14" (41cm). Each of waisted globular form of turquoise tint with wide flared neck, the sides applied with six suspension loops, enamelled in opaque turquoise, gold, yellow, amber, green, red, and white with additional gilt, with thuluth inscriptions on the body and neck, blazons in roundels depicting a bands of scroll, floral rosettes and foliate decoration, the foot with a gilt band. Signed. Philippe-Joseph Brocard (b.1831 (fl. 1867-1890) d. 1896) was an independent French craftsman who began his career as a restorer of antique glass, which gave him the capability of understanding in minute detail the techniques used. He is considered the first to revive the Mamluk enameling techniques. His first Works of Art in enamelled glass were presented at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1867 and created quite a stir. Even then his most important pieces were enamelled glass mosque lamps he continued to exhibit at international fairs and won a first prize at the Exposition universelle in Paris in 1878. Phillipe Brocard enameling skills were first displayed at the Paris Exposition in 1867 From that time forward he was considered an innovator. His talent was acknowledged with a Gold medal at the 1873 Universal Exhibition in Vienna. Public recognition came again at the 1874 Paris Exhibition. In 1878 Brocard ranked as one of the best enamel and glassmakers and was highly acclaimed for his innovation in the art world. The history of glass enamel began in Egypt and Mesopotamia around 1500 BC and continued until Roman times. The technique got lost after about the second century AD to reappear in the middle of the Middle Ages among Muslim countries as well as among the Byzantines. Later in the 15th century, Germanic Europe continued enamelled glassmaking until the 18th century. In the early 19th century Ludwig Lobmeyr -J.&L Lobmeyr started making Islamic style glasswork in Austria. To the last third of the fabulous 19th century, Philippe Joseph Brocard perfected making of enamelled Mosque lamps. It was followed by some artists like Joseph-Philippe Imberton and Emile Galle. Enamelled glass mosque lamp, by Philippe Joseph Brocard Paris, France, AD 1867 In late nineteenth-century Europe, there was a great wave of interest in Islamic art, which influenced many aspects of the applied arts and interior decoration. Brocard Mosque lamps were inspired by the enamelled glass lamps made during the twelfth to fourteenth centuries in Mamluk Egypt and Syria. Philippe Joseph Brocard became inspired by the mosque lamps he saw at the Musée de Cluny in Paris, he began to collect them and then to copy them. The particular piece he copied from is based on a specific fourteenth-century example, then owned by Gustave de Rothschild in Paris, and now in the Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon, although some extra details have been added, such as the winged creatures around the foot.