Central Asia, Tibet, ca. 19th century CE. A fine copper statue of Lama Tsongkhapa (1357-1419), a 15th century scholar and philosopher of Tibet who was the founder of the Gelug Order and later named the first Dalai Lama, depicted in his iconic form, wearing a tall, conical hat and sitting in double lotus position atop a lotus pedestal. In addition to presenting an impressive form, this hollow cast sculpture is sealed on the bottom of the lotus pedestal. The contents of such statues traditionally include holy articles of some type. A scrolling urna can be seen at the center of his forehead. Size: 1.5" L x 2" W x 3.3" H (3.8 cm x 5.1 cm x 8.4 cm)

Tsongkhapa's abhorrence of the laxity of many monastic orders gave rise to a strong foundation for the Order of the Virtuous, the Gelugpa. Tsongkhapa is known for restoring monastic discipline, the prohibition of the use of alcohol, and requiring strict celibacy as well as a regimented daily schedule. His honorary title is Je Rinpoche -Je meaning "exalted."

According to Meulenbeld's "Buddhist Symbolism in Tibetan Thangkas (2004): "Tsongkhapa was born of poor parents in Amdo, Eastern Tibet, in the Onion Valley. His keen intelligence was evident when he was little. At a young age, he received various degrees from his studies in Central Tibet where he mastered five main subjects taught by a Tibetan monastery university: abhidharma (metaphysics), madhyamika (the Middle Way, between Being and Non-Being), prajnaparamita (knowledge), pramana (logic), and vinaya (monastic rules) . . . Tsongkhapa founded large monasteries and universities, such as Ganden, Drepung, and Sera."

Due to the vow of celibacy, hereditary succession was not possible. The solution was to designate a new monastery abbot or lama as an incarnation of his predecessor. From this arose the succession to Yellow Hats leadership, including the Dalai Lama who is regarded as an incarnation of Avalokiteshvara. This line of Dalai Lamas began in the 16th century. Following his death, Tsongkhapa was retroactively named the first Dalai Lama.

Given the presence of the copper seal, this statue was likely created for religious practices. When such figures are consecrated, the image is first purified in order to be deemed suitable for the inhabitance of Buddha or another revered entity, in the is case Tsongkhapa. Then the statue is invested with the presence and power of that deity. Unless it has been consecrated, a statue is not considered suitable for use in religious practices. Holy articles are sealed inside.

Provenance: private New York, New York, USA collection; ex-private Pennsylvania, USA collection

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#184768

Some rubbing and losses to pigment, but otherwise, intact and excellent with good remaining detail and light patina to surface.