Lot 056650

HEAVY OLD KNOCKER for RABBIS in SYNOGAUGE

Similar Sale History

View More Items in Religious & Spiritual Objects

Sold

Small painting of old Rabbi(?),c.1900: Small painting of old Rabbi(?),circa 1900.Signed illegibly. Painting is 4.75" x 3.25", and frame is 12" x 13".The scholar appears to be wearing a yarmulke.

2018Small painting of old Rabbi(?),c.1900See Sold Price

Sold

2 Rare 1910 Dated Photo Postcards of Old Jewish Rabbi: 2 rare photo postcards dated 1910, depicting an elderly Jewish Rabby with his long white beard in 2 portrait sides. Good condition.

20212 Rare 1910 Dated Photo Postcards of Old Jewish RabbiSee Sold Price

Sold

Antique Russian Old Believers Wall Cross Icon 19th C: Item: Antique Russian Old Believers Wall Cross Icon Date: 19th Century Material: 5 colors of enamel, heavy casting Size: 8.75 x 5.75 inches Please note that this lot has a reserve. When you leave a bi

2017Antique Russian Old Believers Wall Cross Icon 19th CSee Sold Price

Sold

Antique Heavy Bronze Menorah Hanukkah: This rare antique is a heavy bronze Jewish Menorah Hanukkah. It has an old bronze patina and is in good condition. Height: 23.5 inches Width: 30 inches No Reserve Auction: This is a no reserve auction

2016Antique Heavy Bronze Menorah HanukkahSee Sold Price

Sold

Vintage Rabbi Reading The Torah Sculpture!: Unique Judaica art sculpture of Rabbi reading the Torah on synagogue "Bima", very nice details ,probably made of resin unknown maker , the item is old and showing signs of age and using, but in good c

2019Vintage Rabbi Reading The Torah Sculpture!See Sold Price

Sold

19th Century Islamic Engraved Brass Pedestal Bowl Malay: Very fine old ceremonial bowl with intricate engraved designs. Heavy Brass bowl with obvious age and use. Malaysia or Sumatra, Indonesia.The Bowl measures 12 x 6.5 inches. Collected in the 1980's by a

201819th Century Islamic Engraved Brass Pedestal Bowl MalaySee Sold Price

Sold

Russian Icon of Christ with Silver Oklad: Russian, 19th century tempera on wooden panel fully rendered icon depicting Christ with hallmarked silver oklad and raised halo, each hallmarked "A. K./1847" with standard mark "84", from Moscow, with

2022Russian Icon of Christ with Silver OkladSee Sold Price

Sold

An old gilt copper alloy figure of White Tara Tibet,Qing dynasty: Height:33cmWidth:22.3cmWeight:20.3kgFor size details ,please refer to the marks on our pictures.

2022An old gilt copper alloy figure of White Tara Tibet,Qing dynastySee Sold Price

Sold

A FINE AND LARGE ICON SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY: A FINE AND LARGE ICON SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY Russian, 17th century Tempera on wood panel with kovcheg. The angels seated around a table under the oak of Mamre, to the left the Temple, to th

2017A FINE AND LARGE ICON SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT TRINITYSee Sold Price

Sold

VERY RARE RUSSIAN METAL-ICON SHOWING THE HOLY TRINITY (OLD TESTAMENT TYPE), THE DEESIS AND SAINTS: Sixfolded enamelled, two holes in the middle at the top, 19th c. 18,5 x 15 cm

2023VERY RARE RUSSIAN METAL-ICON SHOWING THE HOLY TRINITY (OLD TESTAMENT TYPE), THE DEESIS AND SAINTSSee Sold Price

Sold

Chinese Old Agarwood Prayer Beads: Composed with eighteen agarwood beads spaced by three jade like beads, suspending with four strands, detailed with tourmaline pendants and jade pendants, with a petwer box and fitted wood stand. 0.51

2021Chinese Old Agarwood Prayer BeadsSee Sold Price

Sold

Russian Icon of Old Testament Trinity: Russian Icon of Old Testament Trinity 18th century (1740-60), prob. St. Petersburg. Egg tempera, gold leaf and gesso on wood. Baroque style, placed in carved gilded wood frame. 32 x 24 1/2 in (81 x 62

2018Russian Icon of Old Testament TrinitySee Sold Price

Sold

An old silver Hanukkah menorah.: A magnificent silver Hanukkah menorah, adorned with intricate engravings of lions, eagles, and organic motifs, embellished with colorful gemstones. In the center of the menorah, there is a dedication

2024An old silver Hanukkah menorah.See Sold Price

Sold

A MONUMENTAL ICON SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY: A MONUMENTAL ICON SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY Russian, 2nd half 19th century Tempera on wood panel. The background and border made of silver, covered by a golden lacquer. The border engraved wit

2017A MONUMENTAL ICON SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT TRINITYSee Sold Price

Sold

AN OLD KAISERY PRAYER RUG: The surface featuring flowers, palmettes and twigs across on a cream color field. Gilded strings. Signed.

2022AN OLD KAISERY PRAYER RUGSee Sold Price

Sold

18th C. Russian Wooden Icon - Old Believers: Eastern Europe, Russia, ca. 1710 CE. A wonderfully stylized wood icon, painted in the strict manner of the Old Believers of Russian Orthodoxy, recalling the Byzantine icons painted nearly a millennium

201818th C. Russian Wooden Icon - Old BelieversSee Sold Price

Related Religious & Spiritual Objects

Impressive silver cup for kiddush, 'sterling' silver (925): Impressive silver cup for kiddush, 'sterling' silver (925), with ballet decorations depicting the story of the Exodus, the interior is gilded, heavy, Weight: 217 grams, Diameter of the key: 7.5 cm, He

3 days LeftImpressive silver cup for kiddush, 'sterling' silver (925)

$400

1st Class Relic Of Saint Balbina Permanently Housed In A Superb Reliquary: 1st Class Relic Of Saint Balbina Permanently Housed In A Superb Reliquary. Saint Balbina is the patron saint of throat diseases, Goitre Scrofula and other throat diseases. She has an intriguing histor

5 days Left1st Class Relic Of Saint Balbina Permanently Housed In A Superb Reliquary

$160

Chinese Carved & Gilt Statue of Guanyin - Qing Dynasty: Chinese carved wood statue of Guanyin. Qing Dynasty. 19th Century. Beautifully carved, gilt, lacquered and painted, with Guanyin sitting on the lotus, eyes closed, meditating with one hand raised, fin

May 26, 2024Chinese Carved & Gilt Statue of Guanyin - Qing Dynasty

$500

Superb Old Relic Cross With 7 Nice Relics Encased: Superb old relic cross with 7 nice relics encased. A perfect size for wearing, the cross measuring 3" by 1 1/2". The cross is German silver inlaid with black ebony wood, and in excellent condition for

5 days LeftSuperb Old Relic Cross With 7 Nice Relics Encased

$240

Collection Of Old Miscellaneous Relics And Relic Crosses: Collection of old miscellaneous relics and relic crosses. The 3- small relic crosses contain catacombs relics. The small round one is from Saint Francis tomb. The larger wood cross contains stone or e

5 days LeftCollection Of Old Miscellaneous Relics And Relic Crosses

$50

RUSSIAN ICON of OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY 19th CENTURY antique HAND PAINTED: RUSSIAN ICON of OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY of traditional composition, here are the three angels who appeared to Abraham. Size 9.25 inches x 7.75 inches (23.7 x 19.6cm) Traditionally painted with egg tempe

1 day LeftRUSSIAN ICON of OLD TESTAMENT TRINITY 19th CENTURY antique HAND PAINTED

$550

OLD HAND PAINTED ICON SKLADEN ANNUNCIATION OF MOTHER OF GOD & VLADIMIR & OLGA: OLD HAND PAINTED RUSSIAN ICON TRYPTIC (SKLADEN) OF ANNUNCIATION OF MOTHER OF GOD WITH VLADIMIR AND OLGA BY THE SIDES GOOD CONDITION AS SEEN ON PICTURES. SIZE : 13 x 18 1/2 INCHES OPEN ( 33 x 47 cm). R

1 day LeftOLD HAND PAINTED ICON SKLADEN ANNUNCIATION OF MOTHER OF GOD & VLADIMIR & OLGA

$750

BYZANTINE ANCIENT NECK CROSS ANTIQUE original 1000 years old icon: About 1000 years old Size 1 3/4 by 2 1/2" Reserve: $223.00 Shipping: Domestic: Flat-rate of $25.00 to anywhere within the contiguous U.S. International: Foreign shipping rates are determined by destin

1 day LeftBYZANTINE ANCIENT NECK CROSS ANTIQUE original 1000 years old icon

$170

ANTIQUE 19c BRONZE COLOR ENAMEL OLD BELIEVERS ICON TIKHVIN MOTHER OF GOD: ANTIQUE 19c RUSSIAN BRONZE COLOR ENAMEL OLD BELIEVERS ICONS OF MOTHER OF TIKHVIN. GOOD CONDITION. SIZE 14,5 x 12,5 cm. Reserve: $595.00 Shipping: Domestic: Flat-rate of $35.00 to anywhere within the c

1 day LeftANTIQUE 19c BRONZE COLOR ENAMEL OLD BELIEVERS ICON TIKHVIN MOTHER OF GOD

$460

OLD HAND PAINTED RUSSIAN ICON JOHN THE WARRIOR: STUNNING RUSSIAN ORTHODOX ICON OF ST.JOHN THE WARRIOR SIZE 22x 18 cm. Reserve: $795.00 Shipping: Domestic: Flat-rate of $35.00 to anywhere within the contiguous U.S. International: Foreign shipping ra

1 day LeftOLD HAND PAINTED RUSSIAN ICON JOHN THE WARRIOR

$600

MISSAL OLD FOLIO IN LATIN FROM 1686 PROPER MISSAE PROPER SANCTORUM: Year/Century: 17th century Language: Latin Subject: Illustrated Binding: Leather Description: Clementis Decimi, Missae propriae sanctorum ordinis eremitarum S. Augustini... Balleon, Venedig ; 1686. Fo

May 30, 2024MISSAL OLD FOLIO IN LATIN FROM 1686 PROPER MISSAE PROPER SANCTORUM

$50

Vintage Handmade Ceramic Kids & Rabbi Menorah: Vintage Handmade Ceramic Kids & Rabbi Menorah. The artist or company is unknown. This colorful Menorah is approx 14" x 4 1/4" x 7" and it weighs 3.39lbs. There is a chip on the rim of

7 hrs LeftVintage Handmade Ceramic Kids & Rabbi Menorah

$10

Heavy Brass Menorah: Heavy ornated brass menorah; 16in.H. x 16in.W.

5 days LeftHeavy Brass Menorah

$20

Paul Cezanne (After) - Old Woman with a Rosary: Artist: Paul Cezanne (After) Title: Old Woman with a Rosary Year: 1914 Dimensions: 15in. by 11in. Edition: From the rare limited edition of 250 Publisher: Bernh

Jun 22, 2024Paul Cezanne (After) - Old Woman with a Rosary

$250

VERY RARE RUSSIAN METAL ICON SHOWING THE HOLY TRINITY (OLD TESTAMENT TYPE), THE DEESIS AND SAINTS: fivefold enamelled, 19th c. 18.5 x 14.7 cm

Jun 01, 2024VERY RARE RUSSIAN METAL ICON SHOWING THE HOLY TRINITY (OLD TESTAMENT TYPE), THE DEESIS AND SAINTS

€1,400

A Triptych icon with Christ Emanuel and ArchangelsRussia, second half of 19th century, Old Belie...

£10,000

More Items in Religious & Spiritual Objects

A very rare and large Russian icon showing psalm 148 "Praise the Lord from the Heavens" (A call for: A very rare and large Russian icon showing psalm 148 "Praise the Lord from the Heavens" (A call for the Universe to praise God), 19th centuryThe wooden panel with two sponki on the back. Tempera on ge

22 hrs LeftA very rare and large Russian icon showing psalm 148 "Praise the Lord from the Heavens" (A call for

€4,400

MUSEUM RUSSIAN ICON SHOWING THE MOTHER OF GOD VLADIMIRSKAYA: around 1500 28.5 x 23 cm Russian icons from around 1500, which, like this icon here, are very well preserved, can hardly be found in the art trade anymore and will always be sought after.

Jun 01, 2024MUSEUM RUSSIAN ICON SHOWING THE MOTHER OF GOD VLADIMIRSKAYA

€15,000

Persian Tabriz Wool & Silk Prayer Rug, 5' 4" x 3': Persian Tabriz Wool and Silk Prayer Rug, a flowering vase and hanging mosque lamp flanked by birds and columns, on an ivory field, within a coral border, signed. 5' 4" H x 3' 3" W. Provenance: Propert

6 days LeftPersian Tabriz Wool & Silk Prayer Rug, 5' 4" x 3'

$650

Copper/Silver Buddhist Ghau Box: **DUE TO THIS LOT BEING SILVER IT MUST BE PAID VIA BANK WIRE TRANSFER OR CERTIFIED CHECK.** Copper/Silver Buddhist Ghau Box. A type of portable shine widely used in Tibet, Bhutan, Mongolia and Nepal.

5 days LeftCopper/Silver Buddhist Ghau Box

$50

RARE iconic George Jones majolica: cobalt and turquoise 'Sea and Sky' cheese keeper with conch shell finial, side molded with continuous sky and underwater view with seagulls, crap, fish, and other sea life, 12 1/4"h, 12 1/4"w

May 25, 2024RARE iconic George Jones majolica

$6,000

MING GILT BRONZE BUDDHA AVALOKITHESVARA CHATURBHUDJA: Measurements: Height 10.25" Width: 6.25 Chinese Tibetan gilt bronze Bodhisattvas Buddha figure of Avalokiteshvara, Chaturbhuja, the All Seeing Lord with Four Hands. The nature of all buddhas, Avalokit

3 days LeftMING GILT BRONZE BUDDHA AVALOKITHESVARA CHATURBHUDJA

$250

MING GILT BRONZE BUDDHA FIGURE OF VAJRADHARA & AUREOLA: Dimensions: 29-3/8" H LARGE Chinese Ming Dynasty gilt bronze Bodhisattvas Buddha figure of Vajradhara. The primordial buddha, personification of the Dharmakaya - truth body of enlightenment and progen

3 days LeftMING GILT BRONZE BUDDHA FIGURE OF VAJRADHARA & AUREOLA

$750

19th C. Gothic Oak Crucifix Raffl Paris: 19th Century Gothic Oak Standing Crucifix, Raffl Paris. The wood and gesso crucifix is marked, "Raffl Paris," and, "Marchi Naresl(???)." The crucifix comes with a wooden base and metal back plate for

5 days Left19th C. Gothic Oak Crucifix Raffl Paris

$10

ANTIQUE SPANISH COLONIAL SCHOOL MADONNA CHILD ICON: An antique Spanish Colonial School oil painting on wood board icon. The artwork represents the Virgin Mary as Queen of Heaven with the Christs surrounded by flowers and bows. Unsigned. Framed. Circa:

5 days LeftANTIQUE SPANISH COLONIAL SCHOOL MADONNA CHILD ICON

$50

Caucasian Kuba Chi Chi Hand Woven Wool Prayer Rug, Ca. 1900, W 42" L 57.25": Caucasian Kuba Chi Chi Hand Woven Wool Prayer Rug, Ca. 1900, W 42" L 57.25" | Navy ground repetitious patter, ivory border with multi-colored star pattern.

3 days LeftCaucasian Kuba Chi Chi Hand Woven Wool Prayer Rug, Ca. 1900, W 42" L 57.25"

$375

Kuba 'Lesghi Star' Design Prayer Rug, Caucasus, 19th Century: A Kuba 'Lesghi Star' Design Prayer Rug, Caucasus, 19th Century. A caucasian village rug Having three large stars to the field with Kufic main border. Dimensions: Dimensions approximately 4ft 4

6 days LeftKuba 'Lesghi Star' Design Prayer Rug, Caucasus, 19th Century

$750

1st Class Relic Of Saint Rita Of Cassius: 1st class relic of Saint Rita of Cassius. Saint Rita is the Patroness of heartbroken women, abused, sterility, loneliness, marriage difficulties, parenthood and bodily ills. The relic is contained in

5 days Left1st Class Relic Of Saint Rita Of Cassius

$380

CRAZY QUILT WITH MENORAH AND FLOWER DETAILS, 74.5 X 67: CRAZY QUILT WITH MENORAH AND FLOWER DETAILS, 74.5 X 67

5 days LeftCRAZY QUILT WITH MENORAH AND FLOWER DETAILS, 74.5 X 67

$60

Vintage Guitars V100 Icon Electric Guitar: Vintage Guitars V100 Icon Electric Guitar, distressed lemon drop, comes with soft case. SHIPS FROM LAS VEGAS, NV

6 days LeftVintage Guitars V100 Icon Electric Guitar

$110

Russian Icon of the Tikhvinskaya Mother of God: Russian Repousse and Polychrome Lithographed Tin Icon of the Tikhvinskaya Mother of God, Moscow area, likely 19th century or later, of typical form. 9" H x 7" W. Provenance: From a 140 East 56th Stree

1 day LeftRussian Icon of the Tikhvinskaya Mother of God

$275

Makri Prayer Rug, Anatolia: A Makri Prayer Rug, Anatolia, Late 19th Century. Dimensions: approximately 4ft 6in x 3ft 2in. Provenance: Property from the Collection of C. Thomas Attix Jr., East Windsor, New Jersey.

6 days LeftMakri Prayer Rug, Anatolia

$300

Recommended Collectibles

Gen. William T. Sherman's Sword & Trunk: General William T. Sherman’s wartime saber WITH military chest or trunk marked “Care Depot QR.MR. St. Louis. MO,” “W.T. Sherman,” and “Books.” One of the most significant lot

1 day LeftGen. William T. Sherman's Sword & Trunk

$13,500

Sex Pistols | Steve Jones Gibson Les Paul Guitar with Book, Photos, and DVD: A 1974 Gibson Les Paul Custom electric guitar, serial #145418 with “Made In USA” stamped below, in an aged Alpine White finish. Formerly owned and stage played by Steve Jones of the semina

May 30, 2024Sex Pistols | Steve Jones Gibson Les Paul Guitar with Book, Photos, and DVD

$50,000

Captured First National Confederate Flag (Nashville, Tennessee): 9-star First National Confederate Flag. Original red and white cotton-silk (weft/warp) machine-sewn stripes. Navy blue canton with 9 painted gold-gilt stars. Accompanied by an old note of provenance a

2 days LeftCaptured First National Confederate Flag (Nashville, Tennessee)

$5,250

Charleston "Free Badge" c. 1785: c. 1785. Charleston, South Carolina "free badge." ~42mm x 38mm. Oval copper planchet, single obverse die, struck in relief. Obverse bears a Phrygian cap (liberty cap) on a pole emblazoned “Free.&rdq

1 day LeftCharleston "Free Badge" c. 1785

$6,250

Attr. Stonewall Jackson Daguerreotype, Mexican War Era Artillery Officer: Quarter plate daguerreotype of a US artillery lieutenant taken during the Mexican War era. Full leatherette case. A strikingly candid shot for the period, the subject’s stern expression belies his c

1 day LeftAttr. Stonewall Jackson Daguerreotype, Mexican War Era Artillery Officer

$950

A Signed Antique Japanese Katana Samurai Sword: **DUE TO THIS LOT BEING CLASSED AS A WEAPON IT MUST BE PAID VIA BANK WIRE TRANSFER OR CERTIFIED CHECK.** A Signed Antique Japanese Katana Samurai Sword. Measure 33" Overall, Blade 25 3/4". Provenance:

5 days LeftA Signed Antique Japanese Katana Samurai Sword

$850

1842 “Porter” Slave Badge: Charleston, South Carolina "slave badge,” dated 1842. From the workshop of William M. Rouse, by city contract. This example was issued for a “Porter," a designation used to describe an enslave

1 day Left1842 “Porter” Slave Badge

$2,600

Pokemon Card binder, hits only: Large binder filled with Pokemon cards. This binder only has hits. We are a veteran owned company. Please look at the pictures carefully to determine what you believe the condition of collecitible is.

5 days LeftPokemon Card binder, hits only

$285

5 days LeftA Signed Antique Japanese Katana Samurai Sword

$850

George Washington Signed Discharge: Partly printed discharge document signed by George Washington, as Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States. Newburgh, [New York], 4 January 1783. 1 page, ## x ## in. Undersigned by Washin

1 day LeftGeorge Washington Signed Discharge

$2,700

[Ambrotype] Texas Confederate Soldier: Sixth plate ambrotype. Full leatherette case. Portrait of a possible Texas Confederate soldier. A silver star device was used to pin up the brim of his light-toned headgear, a look often seen in image

1 day Left[Ambrotype] Texas Confederate Soldier

$750

1846 Slave Dealer's Token: Original slave auctioneer token of W. W. Wilbur, South Carolina and dated 1846. Tokens such as these were a common form of marketing one’s business or trade in the 19th Century. The obverse reads ��

1 day Left1846 Slave Dealer's Token

$275

Rare San Francisco Artist Reception Poster - 1969: Heading: (Hughes, Donald) Author: Title: Donald Hughes: Drawings Lithographs, and Toys Place Published: San Francisco Publisher: Date Published: August, 1969 Description: Pictorial

3 days LeftRare San Francisco Artist Reception Poster - 1969

$100

Captured Bowie Knife w/ Period Note of Provenance: Captured Confederate D-hilt Bowie knife. [Kenansville, North Carolina]: [Louis Froelich factory]. With original metal and leather sheath with affixed period notes. First note with only remnants. Secon

2 days LeftCaptured Bowie Knife w/ Period Note of Provenance

$2,000

MARTIN ACOUSTIC GUITAR, 00-I8C, SERIAL #199860: MARTIN ACOUSTIC GUITAR, 00-I8C, SERIAL #199860 (NEEDS REPAIR, HOLE)

5 days LeftMARTIN ACOUSTIC GUITAR, 00-I8C, SERIAL #199860

$950

Pickup, 2018 Chevrolet Silverado Short Box.: Pickup, 2018 Chevrolet Silverado Short Box. This one looks like it's rough & ready for the road and it is!! This is a great looking Silverado short box 4WD with the Trail Boss Off-Road package. Those

6 days LeftPickup, 2018 Chevrolet Silverado Short Box.

$6,500

HEAVY OLD KNOCKER for RABBIS in SYNOGAUGE

Item Details

Description

JUDAICA HEAVY OLD KNOCKER for RABBIS in SYNOGAUGE
Heavy old knocker for Rabbis to be used In Synogauge with Hebrew writing and dated of 1937.
PROVENANCE: From a New Jersey Home.
CONDITION: Generally Good. Some scratches due to age and use. The item is described to the best of our knowledge. Please refer to pictures and email with any questions.
DIMENSIONS: 9 x 3 1/4 inches (23 x 8.5 cm). VERY HEAVY: 1.16 kg.
The item is from real old collection.
ESTIMATE PRICE: $5,000 - $10,000.
HISTORY of SALES: A few years ago old knockers were sold on Live Auctioneer for $8,000 (1 year ago), $8,000 (11 years ago), $9,500 (3 years ago) and $13,443 (4 years ago) - please see the screenshots.
OFFER: If an item is NOT SOLD, you can still give us a reasonable offer - please save the link of this page.
PAYMENT: Payment can be made with PayPal, Credit Card (via PayPal), Zelle, Wire transfer, Check or Money Order.
PAY in PARTS: You can pay for any item during 3-6 months. Just make a 10% deposit and the item will wait for you. We have been offering a possibility of deferring a payment for more than a year now and many people like it and have taken advantage of it.
SHIPPING: Let us Handle Your Shipping. We are one of the few places that offer full service shipping. For your convenience we will ship your item - shipping costs will be included in the invoice.
SHIPPING COST: This is the actual delivery cost. Choose a shipping carrier and a mail service of your preference. Combined shipping is available - next item will be ONE DOLLAR for shipping.
WELCOME: We welcome NEW bidders. We will send the item according YOUR instruction.
NEW: Returning customers will have 50% DISCOUNT on shipping.
PLEASE NOTE: If you want to buy this item, please make a bid now. Any offer is welcome. Some lots, that do Not Have any Bids on them, WILL be CLOSED before the auction is started and will not be included in it. Now, there are 700+ items for preview, but there will be ONLY 450 items in the Live Auction.

WIKIPEDIA: A synagogue is a Jewish or Samaritan house of worship. Synagogues have a large place for prayer (the main sanctuary) and may also have smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and offices. Some have a separate room for Torah study, called the beth midrash "house of study". Synagogues are consecrated spaces used for the purpose of prayer, Tanakh (the entire Hebrew Bible, including the Torah) reading, study and assembly; however, a synagogue is not necessary for worship. Halakha holds that communal Jewish worship can be carried out wherever ten Jews (a minyan) assemble. Worship can also be carried out alone or with fewer than ten people assembled together. However, halakha considers certain prayers as communal prayers and therefore they may be recited only by a minyan. In terms of its specific ritual and liturgical functions, the synagogue does not replace the long-since destroyed Temple in Jerusalem.